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Section II: Advanced Operations 105
Chapter 9
Event Logs and the Syslog Client
This chapter describes how to monitor the activity of a switch by viewing
the event messages in the event logs and sending the messages to a
syslog server. Sections in the chapter include:
“Supported Platforms” on page 106
“Overview” on page 107
“Event Messages” on page 107
“Syslog Client” on page 108
- Features Guide 1
- Contents 10
- How This Guide is Organized 18
- Product Documentation 20
- Where to Go First 21
- Starting a Management Session 22
- Document Conventions 23
- Contacting Allied Telesis 25
- Basic Operations 27
- Chapter 1: Overview 32
- AT-S63 Management Software 35
- Menus interface 36
- Command line interface 36
- Web browser interface 36
- Management Access Methods 41
- Remote SNMP 42
- Management 42
- Manager Access Levels 43
- Stand-alone 44
- Enhanced 44
- Stacking 44
- IP Configuration 46
- Redundant Twisted Pair Ports 47
- AT-9448Ts/XP switches 48
- History of New Features 49
- Guest VLAN. For background 51
- VLAN Assignment and Secure 51
- MAC address-based 51
- Supplicant Mode for 53
- Master and Slave Switches 58
- Common VLAN 59
- Chapter 2: Enhanced Stacking 60
- Slave Switches 61
- Enhanced Stacking Guidelines 63
- SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c 65
- Community String Attributes 68
- Chapter 3: SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c 70
- Chapter 4: MAC Address Table 74
- Static Port Trunks 75
- Load Distribution Methods 78
- LACP Port Trunks 81
- Chapter 6: LACP Port Trunks 84
- LACP System Priority 87
- Adminkey Parameter 88
- LACP Port Priority Value 88
- Port Mirror 93
- Chapter 7: Port Mirror 96
- Advanced Operations 97
- Overview 100
- Boot Configuration Files 101
- File Naming Conventions 102
- Chapter 8: File System 104
- Chapter 9 105
- Supported Platforms 106
- Event Messages 107
- Syslog Client 108
- Classifiers 109
- Service” on page 139 112
- Classifier Criteria 113
- VLAN ID (Layer 2) 114
- Protocol (Layer 2) 114
- IP Protocol (Layer 3) 116
- Source IP Addresses (Layer 3) 116
- Source IP Mask (Layer 3) 116
- Destination IP Mask (Layer 3) 116
- TCP Source Ports (Layer 4) 117
- UDP Source Ports (Layer 4) 117
- TCP Flags 117
- Guidelines 118
- Access Control Lists 119
- Parts of an ACL 123
- Examples 125
- Figure 7. ACL Example 2 126
- Figure 8. ACL Example 3 127
- Figure 11. ACL Example 6 129
- Class of Service 131
- Chapter 12: Class of Service 134
- Scheduling 136
- Quality of Service 139
- Flow Groups 144
- Traffic Classes 145
- Policies 146
- QoS Policy Guidelines 147
- Packet Processing 148
- Bandwidth Allocation 148
- Packet Prioritization 148
- Replacing Priorities 150
- VLAN Tag User Priorities 150
- DSCP Values 150
- DiffServ Domains 151
- Applications 155
- Component 158
- Hierarchy 158
- Denial of Service Defenses 161
- SYN Flood Attack 164
- Smurf Attack 165
- Land Attack 166
- Teardrop Attack 168
- Ping of Death Attack 169
- IP Options Attack 170
- Mirroring Traffic 171
- Snooping Protocols 173
- IGMP Snooping 175
- Chapter 15: IGMP Snooping 178
- MLD Snooping 179
- Chapter 16: MLD Snooping 182
- RRP Snooping 183
- Snooping 187
- Restrictions 191
- Section IV 195
- 196 Section IV: SNMPv3 196
- Chapter 19 197
- Chapter 19: SNMPv3 200
- 200 Section IV: SNMPv3 200
- SNMPv3 Privacy Protocol 201
- SNMPv3 MIB Views 202
- Section IV: SNMPv3 203 203
- SNMPv3 Storage Types 204
- SNMPv3 Message Notification 205
- SNMPv3 Tables 206
- 208 Section IV: SNMPv3 208
- Section IV: SNMPv3 209 209
- SNMPv3 Configuration Example 210
- Spanning Tree Protocols 211
- Protocols 213
- Path Costs and 217
- Port Costs 217
- Hello Time and 220
- Bridge Protocol 220
- Data Units 220
- Point-to-Point 221
- Edge Port 222
- Point-to-Point and Edge Port 222
- Workstation 222
- (Full-duplex Mode) 222
- Mixed STP and RSTP Networks 223
- Spanning Tree and VLANs 224
- Chapter 21 225
- AT-9424T/SP 229
- AT-9424T/GB 229
- MSTI Guidelines 232
- VLAN and MSTI Associations 233
- Ports in Multiple MSTIs 234
- Summary of Guidelines 239
- Associating VLANs to MSTIs 241
- Virtual LANs 245
- 246 Section VI: Virtual LANs 246
- Port-based and Tagged VLANs 247
- 250 Section VI: Virtual LANs 250
- Port-based VLANs 250
- Tagged VLANs 250
- Port-based VLAN Overview 251
- Port VLAN 252
- Identifier 252
- Port-based 254
- Example 1 254
- Example 2 255
- 256 Section VI: Virtual LANs 256
- Tagged VLAN Overview 257
- Tagged VLAN 259
- 260 Section VI: Virtual LANs 260
- Chapter 23 261
- 264 Section VI: Virtual LANs 264
- Section VI: Virtual LANs 265 265
- GVRP and Network Security 267
- 268 Section VI: Virtual LANs 268
- Section VI: Virtual LANs 269 269
- 270 Section VI: Virtual LANs 270
- Section VI: Virtual LANs 271 271
- 272 Section VI: Virtual LANs 272
- Multiple VLAN Modes 273
- 276 Section VI: Virtual LANs 276
- Section VI: Virtual LANs 277 277
- 278 Section VI: Virtual LANs 278
- Protected Ports VLANs 279
- 282 Section VI: Virtual LANs 282
- 284 Section VI: Virtual LANs 284
- MAC Address-based VLANs 285
- Egress Ports 288
- Section VI: Virtual LANs 289 289
- 290 Section VI: Virtual LANs 290
- VLANs That Span Switches 291
- 292 Section VI: Virtual LANs 292
- VLAN Hierarchy 293
- 294 Section VI: Virtual LANs 294
- Section VII 297
- Chapter 27 299
- 302 Section VII: Routing 302
- Routing Interfaces 303
- Interface 304
- IP Address and 304
- Subnet Mask 304
- Section VII: Routing 305 305
- Interface Names 306
- Static Routes 307
- 308 Section VII: Routing 308
- Section VII: Routing 309 309
- Default Routes 311
- 312 Section VII: Routing 312
- Section VII: Routing 313 313
- Routing Table 314
- Section VII: Routing 315 315
- 1024 static entries 315
- 1024 dynamic entries 315
- 316 Section VII: Routing 316
- Section VII: Routing 317 317
- Section VII: Routing 319 319
- Pinging a Remote 320
- BOOTP Server 320
- Local Interface 321
- 322 Section VII: Routing 322
- Section VII: Routing 323 323
- Routing Command Example 324
- Creating the 325
- Interfaces 325
- Adding a Static 326
- Route and 326
- Default Route 326
- Selecting the 327
- Non-routing Command Example 328
- Section VII: Routing 329 329
- 330 Section VII: Routing 330
- BOOTP Relay Agent 331
- Chapter 28: BOOTP Relay Agent 334
- 334 Section VII: Routing 334
- 336 Section VII: Routing 336
- Chapter 29 337
- Master Switch 340
- Backup Switches 341
- Interface Monitoring 342
- Port Monitoring 343
- VRRP on the Switch 344
- 346 Section VII: Routing 346
- Port Security 347
- Chapter 30 349
- Chapter 31 355
- Authentication Process 359
- Port Roles 360
- Operational Settings 361
- Single Operating 363
- Multiple 367
- Operating Mode 367
- Guest VLAN 372
- RADIUS Accounting 373
- General Steps 374
- Management Security 379
- Web Server 381
- Chapter 32: Web Server 384
- Encryption Keys 387
- Encryption Key Length 390
- Encryption Key Guidelines 391
- Technical Overview 392
- Authentication 394
- Key Exchange 395
- Algorithms 395
- Chapter 33: Encryption Keys 396
- PKI Certificates and SSL 397
- Types of Certificates 399
- Distinguished Names 401
- SSL and Enhanced Stacking 403
- X.509 Certificates 408
- Elements of a 409
- Public Key 409
- Infrastructure 409
- Certificate 410
- Validation 410
- Revocation Lists 410
- Implementation 411
- Secure Shell (SSH) 413
- Support for SSH 416
- SSH Server 417
- SSH Clients 418
- SSH and Enhanced Stacking 419
- SSH Configuration Guidelines 421
- TACACS+ and RADIUS Protocols 423
- Chapter 37 431
- Parts of a Management ACE 434
- Settings 439
- “Telnet Server” on page 471 440
- “VLANs” on page 473 440
- “Web Server” on page 474 440
- ARP Cache Setting Default 441
- ARP Cache Timeout 150 seconds 441
- Boot Configuration File 442
- Enhanced Stacking 448
- EPSR Setting Default 449
- EPSR State Disabled 449
- Event Logs 450
- MAC Address Table 455
- Status Disabled 456
- Manager and Operator Account 457
- Public Key Infrastructure 459
- Port Settings 460
- RJ-45 Serial Terminal Port 461
- RRP Snooping Setting Default 462
- RRP Snooping Status Disabled 462
- Server-based 463
- Simple Network Time Protocol 465
- Spanning Tree 467
- Protocol 467
- Secure Shell Server 468
- Secure Sockets Layer 469
- IP Setting Default 470
- System Name None 470
- Administrator None 470
- Comments None 470
- Telnet Server 471
- VRRP Setting Default 472
- SNMPv3 Configuration Examples 475
- Operator 477
- Configuration 477
- Worksheet 478
- Security Model 480
- Security Level 480
- Storage Type 480
- SNMPv3 Parameters (Continued) 480
- Features and Standards 481
- File System 483
- DHCP and BOOTP Clients 483
- Management Interfaces 485
- Management MIBs 485
- Port Trunking and Mirroring 486
- System Monitoring 486
- Traffic Control 487
- MIB Objects 489
- Date, Time, and SNTP Client 492
- Appendix D: MIB Objects 496
- Miscellaneous 499
- Port Mirroring 500
- Port Configuration and Status 503
- Static Port Trunk 505
- Numerics 509
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